INTRO NOTE BY PATRICE GREANVILLE
The plight of Mexican illegals has a long and mostly forgotten history.
A true believer in and ruthless implementer of America’s “Manifest Destiny.”
[dropcap]J[/dropcap]ames Polk’s imperialist philosophy (shared by many other influential figures in US ruling circles and a natural thing for White Europeans who saw Native Americans as less than human) was well known in his time, and so was his legendary determination. Polk attended the University of North Carolina. When he was 17 he had urinary stones. He needed surgery. Dr. McDowell performed the operation. The legs were secured with straps. He was cut open without any pain killer except whisky.
Polk was 5′ 8″ tall. He was a colonel in the Tennessee militia. James Knox Polk met Sarah Childress in 1821, proposing in 1823. He was a workaholic who worked long, long hours. Polk owned slaves. He continued to buy and sell slaves even after he was elected President. Polk won seven straight terms in the House and became Speaker of the House. He was called “Young Hickory” because Andrew Jackson, “Ole Hickory,”was his mentor and both were from Tennessee. Caracas-born liberador Simon Bolivar, who as a cosmopolitan and highly educated man admired the American experiment, also saw quite clearly that the new nation could grow to represent a grave danger to the actual independence of Latin America. It is for that reason that he strove hard, as much a his health allowed him (he died from tuberculosis at 37, in 1830), to concretize the idea of a “United States of Latin America.” In Polk he would have immediately recognized the incarnation of his fears. “The United States,” he once declared, “appears to be destined by Providence to plague America with misery in the name of liberty.” On another occasion, he lamented, “Poor Latin America, so far from God and so close to the United States.” His views were well known to most Latin American leaders, and certainly to Mexico’s. Not surprisingly, seeing the writing on the wall, and the constant stream of lies and provocations designed to pick a fight with a clearly unprepared Mexico, the government of Mexico broke off relations with the United States right after Polk was elected.
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The war on Mexico was one of the most controversial events during Polk’s administration. Polk had sent General Taylor to southern Texas to stop Mexico from taking land from Texas. There was a small battle between Taylor’s troops and the Mexican Army. Polk said American blood had be shed on American Soil. Some people including John Quincy Adams thought the American Troops were south of the American border and were sent their to start the war. Some people called the Mexican War: Mr. Polk’s War.
The vote for war with Mexico was 19 Senators for war and 13 Senators against the war. It was the closest vote for war in American History. The vote in the House was 79 to 49 for war. It did not take too long for the US to establish its military superiority. Eventually the conflict fabricated by the US ended with a treaty.
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The Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico “ceded” to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, but had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande which had been claimed by the Republic of Texas, though the Texas annexation resolution two years earlier had not specified Texas’s southern and western boundary. The Mexican Cession (529,000 sq. miles) was the third largest acquisition of territory in US history. The largest was the Louisiana Purchase, with some 820,000 sq. miles, followed by the acquisition of Alaska (about 586,000 sq. miles). It is this abject war and ensuing US policies designed to keep corrupt governments in Mexico in power to this day that constitutes the backdrop for the immense human drama of forced Mexican emigration to “the North” which so outrages the native racists. As usual, those who don’t care to learn the historical context of a social issue are bound to be easy prey for demagogs and their own deep-seated prejudices.
—Patrice Greanville is editor in chief of The Greanville Post
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BELOW: A special historical compilation prepared by Chris Schefler