CALEB MAUPIN—The MPLA was formed by African people who did not want to live under apartheid conditions. With financial and military support from the Soviet Union and other socialist countries, the MPLA fought for and eventually won independence, when Portugal withdrew in 1975 during its own anti-fascist revolution. As the MPLA grew more powerful in the 1960s and 70s, a tactic utilized by the British in Palestine and Kenya, was used by the forces seeking to keep Angola colonized. In addition to the direct fight between the MPLA and the Portuguese, a series of “counter-gangs” were created.
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